Por Paco Aldarias Raya
Por Paco Aldarias Raya
Impreso: 5 de julio 2003
Vamos a ver como linux a través de samba puede hacer las funciones de un windows nt server.
Se parte de la base que disponemos un servidor linux debian sid con samba y una red con windows 98se.
Esto surgio con la intencion de tener un instituto donde los alumnos y profesores validaran los usuarios y tuvieran sus carpetas.
Es decir, vamos a poder:
Debemos tener soporte para samba en el kernel.
cat /usr/src/linux-2.4.20/.config | grep SMB CONFIG_SMB_FS=y # CONFIG_SMB_NLS_DEFAULT is not set CONFIG_SMB_NLS=y
Veamos las versiones y para q sirve:
dpkg -l | grep samba samba 3.0.0beta1-1 a LanManager-like file and printer server fo samba-common 3.0.0beta1-1 Samba common files used by both the server a dpkg -l | grep smb libsmbclient 3.0.0beta1-1 shared library that allows applications to t smbclient 3.0.0beta1-1 a LanManager-like simple client for Unix smbfs 3.0.0beta1-1 mount and umount commands for the smbfs (for
Vamos a tener los ficheros:
Los campos deberan estar separados por punto y coma.
Este fichero contendrá:
Veamos un ejemplo:
cat alumnos.txt grupo1;nombre1;usuario1;c1;9638004533;paco@correo.es; grupo1;nombre;usuario2;c1;96333333;asdfa@a.es; grupo2;nombre3;usuario3;c1;566666666;a@a.es;
cat alumnos.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Script q crea alumnos con sus grupos para uso de samba
# Usa el fichero alumnos.txt q tiene el formato:
# grupo;nombre;usuario;password;clave;tel;email;
# Usa el fichero inicio.bat q le indica al windows q comparte, contiene:
# net use i: \home
# net use j: \\servidor\compartido
# alumnoc : contiene usuario:clave
ac=alumnoc.txt
lineas=`wc -l < alumnos.txt`
rm -f alumnoc.txt
if [ ! -d /home/alumnos ]; then
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
echo creando el directorio /home/alumnos ....
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
mkdir /home/alumnos
chmod 755 /home/alumnos
chown root.root /home/alumnos
fi
I=1
while [ $I -le $lineas ]
do
linea=`sed -n ${I}l alumnos.txt`
login=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f3`
if grep "^${alumno}:" /etc/passwd
then
echo Ye Existe el login: $login
else
grupo=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f1`
nombre=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f2`
pass=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f4`
if [ ! -d /home/alumnos/$grupo ];
then
groupadd $grupo
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
echo Creando el directorio /home/alumnos/$grupo
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
mkdir /home/alumnos/$grupo
chmod 755 /home/alumnos/$grupo
chown root:$grupo /home/alumnos/$grupo
cp /etc/samba/netlogon/inicio.bat /etc/samba/netlogon/$grupo.bat
fi
echo Creando el alumno $login
mkdir /home/alumnos/$grupo/$login
chmod 755 /home/alumnos/$grupo/$login
useradd -g $grupo -d /home/alumnos/$grupo/$login -c $nombre $login
chown $login:$grupo /home/alumnos/$grupo/$login
echo $login:$clave | chpasswd
echo -e $pass\\n$pass\\n | smbpasswd -as $login
fi
I=`expr $I + 1`
done
Deberemos dar permisos de ejecución al fichero:
chmod 700 alumnos.sh
Lo lanzaremos como root asi: ./alumnos.sh
Este fichero debe tener formato msdos, es recomendable crearlo con worpad de windows y luego copiarlo en /etc/samba/netlogon/.
Este script permite poner en hora la maquina windows y crear unidades lógicas.
cat /etc/samba/netlogon/inicio.bat echo Poniendo en hora .... net time \\pacohost /set /yes net use i: /home net use s: \\pacohost\software
Vamos a tener dos ficheros:
Los campos deberan estar separados por punto y coma.
Este fichero contendrá:
Veamos un ejemplo:
cat profes.txt depinf;prof1;Pepe;c1;963805623;asdfasdf@a.es; depinf;prof2;Juan;c1;965663215;asdfasdf@afff.es; depeco;prof3;Antonio;c1;125648999;asdfasdf@aasd.es;
cat profes.sh
#!/bin/bash
TOT=`wc -l < profes.txt`
I=1
while [ $I -le $TOT ]
do
linea=`sed -n ${I}l profes.txt`
usu=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f2`
if grep "^${usu}:" /etc/passwd
then
echo "El profe: " $usu " ya existe"
else
dep=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f1`
usu=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f2`
nombre=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f3`
clave=`echo $linea | cut -d";" -f4`
if [ ! -d /home/profes ];
then
groupadd profes
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
echo Creando el directorio /home/profes
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
mkdir /home/profes
chmod 755 /home/profes
chown root.profes /home/profes
fi
if [ ! -d /home/profes/$dep ];
then
groupadd $dep
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
echo Creando el directorio /home/profes/$dep
echo xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
mkdir /home/profes/$dep
chmod 755 /home/profes/$dep
chown root.profes /home/profes/$dep
fi
mkdir /home/profes/$dep/$usu
chmod 755 /home/profes/$dep/$usu
useradd -g profes -d /home/profes/$dep/$usu -c $nombre $usu
chown $usu.profes /home/profes/$dep/$usu
echo -e $clave\\n$clave\\n | smbpasswd -as $usu
echo $usu:$clave | chpasswd
echo Creado profesor con login: $usu Nombre: $nombre
fi
I=`expr $I + 1`
done
Deberemos dar permisos de ejecución al fichero:
chmod 700 profes.sh
Lo lanzaremos como root asi: ./profes.sh
Este fichero debe tener formato msdos, es recomendable crearlo con worpad de windows y luego copiarlo en /etc/samba/netlogon/
Este script permite poner en hora la maquina windows y crear unidades lógicas.
Los porfesores tiene más unidades logicas y más permisos.
cat /etc/samba/netlogon/profes.bat echo Poniendo en hora .... net time \\pacohost /set /yes net use h: /home net use s: \\pacohost\software net use p: \\pacohost\profes net use l: \\pacohost\alumnos net use t: \\pacohost\tmp
cat /etc/samba/smb.conf
#======================= Global Settings =====================================
[global]
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name
workgroup = DSIC
netbiosname = pacohost
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = Servidor Samba Dep Informàtica
# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
# connections to machines which are on your local network. The
# following example restricts access to two C class networks and
# the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see
# the smb.conf man page
hosts allow = 192.168.0. 127.
# if you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#printcap name = /etc/printcap
load printers = No
# It should not be necessary to spell out the print system type unless
# yours is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
# bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx
# printing = lprng
# Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd
# otherwise the user "nobody" is used
; guest account = pcguest
# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log
# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
max log size = 50
# Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See
# security_level.txt for details.
# security = user
security = user
# Use password server option only with security = server
# The argument list may include:
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
# password server = *
; password server = <NT-Server-Name>
# Password Level allows matching of _n_ characters of the password for
# all combinations of upper and lower case.
; password level = 8
; username level = 8
# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read
# ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.
# Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents
encrypt passwords = true
smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd
# The following is needed to keep smbclient from spouting spurious errors
# when Samba is built with support for SSL.
; ssl CA certFile = /usr/share/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt
# The following are needed to allow password changing from Windows to
# update the Linux sytsem password also.
# NOTE: Use these with 'encrypt passwords' and 'smb passwd file' above.
# NOTE2: You do NOT need these to allow workstations to change only
# the encrypted SMB passwords. They allow the Unix password
# to be kept in sync with the SMB password.
unix password sync = Yes
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *New*password* %n\n *Retype*new*password* %n\n *passwd:*all*authentication*tokens*updated*successfully*
time server = Yes
# Unix users can map to different SMB User names
; username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /etc/samba/smb.conf.%m
# This parameter will control whether or not Samba should obey PAM's
# account and session management directives. The default behavior is
# to use PAM for clear text authentication only and to ignore any
# account or session management. Note that Samba always ignores PAM
# for authentication in the case of encrypt passwords = yes
; obey pam restrictions = yes
# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See speed.txt and the manual pages for details
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them
# here. See the man page for details.
; interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
# Configure remote browse list synchronisation here
# request announcement to, or browse list sync from:
# a specific host or from / to a whole subnet (see below)
; remote browse sync = 192.168.3.25 192.168.5.255
# Cause this host to announce itself to local subnets here
; remote announce = 192.168.1.255 192.168.2.44
# Browser Control Options:
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
; local master = no
local master = yes
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
os level = 33
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
domain master = yes
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
preferred master = yes
# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for
# Windows95 workstations.
domain logons = yes
# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
# per user logon script
# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
; logon script = %m.bat
logon script = %G.bat
# run a specific logon batch file per username
; logon script = %U.bat
# Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)
# %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
# You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U
logon path = \\%L\netlogon\
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
wins support = yes
# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
wins server = 192.168.0.1
# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
; wins proxy = yes
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes,
# this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no.
dns proxy = no
# Case Preservation can be handy - system default is _no_
# NOTE: These can be set on a per share basis
; preserve case = no
; short preserve case = no
# Default case is normally upper case for all DOS files
; default case = lower
# Be very careful with case sensitivity - it can break things!
; case sensitive = no
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes
valid users = %S
create mode = 0664
directory mode = 0775
# If you want users samba doesn't recognize to be mapped to a guest user
; map to guest = bad user
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; writable = no
; share modes = no
# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles]
; path = /usr/local/samba/profiles
; browseable = no
; guest ok = yes
# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to
# specifically define each individual printer
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = no
# Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print
guest ok = no
writable = no
printable = yes
# This one is useful for people to share files
;[tmp]
; comment = Temporary file space
; path = /tmp
; read only = no
; public = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
;[public]
; comment = Public Stuff
; path = /home/samba
; public = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; write list = @staff
# Other examples.
#
# A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's
# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,
# wherever it is.
;[fredsprn]
; comment = Fred's Printer
; valid users = fred
; path = /home/fred
; printer = freds_printer
; public = no
; writable = no
; printable = yes
# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write
# access to the directory.
;[fredsdir]
; comment = Fred's Service
; path = /usr/somewhere/private
; valid users = fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %U option to tailor it by user name.
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.
;[pchome]
; comment = PC Directories
; path = /usr/local/pc/%m
; public = no
; writable = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course
# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.
;[public]
; path = /usr/somewhere/else/public
; public = yes
; only guest = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
;[myshare]
; comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
; path = /usr/somewhere/shared
; valid users = mary fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; create mask = 0765
# Recursos compartidos
[profes]
comment = Profesores
path = /home/profes
valid users = +profes
write list = +profes
force group = %G
create mask = 0775
directory mask = 0775
[alumnos]
comment = Directorio personal de los alumnos
path = /home/alumnos
valid users = +profes
force user = root
[software]
comment = Software
path = /compartido/software
write list = +profes
force group = %G
create mask = 0775
directory mask = 0775
guest ok = Yes
browseable = Yes
[netlogon]
comment = Net
path= /etc/samba/netlogon
# guest ok = Yes
writeable = No
browsable = no
public = no
[tmp]
comment = Temporaly
path=/tmp
read only = No
public = Yes
[home]
comment = Directori personal del usuari %U
path = %H
username = %U
read only = No
only user = Yes
browseable = No
Una vez configurado samba debemos reiniciarlo:
Arranque del demonio:
/etc/init.d/samba restart
Debemos ir a Inicio-Configuración - Panel de control - Red - Clientes para redes Microsoft.
Reiniciaremos, windows y al iniciar de nuevo, deberemos comprobar q todo funciona.
Nota: Cabe indicar q el grupo de trabajo que se le indica en smb.conf, corresponde con el dominio de nt.
edquota -p al055 $alumno
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